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The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) is designed to protect workers aged 40 and older from discrimination based on age in various employment practices, such as hiring, firing, promotions, and pay. The legislation recognizes that individuals in this age group may face biases that can adversely affect their employment opportunities, often leading to unfair treatment in the workplace. By specifically targeting this age demographic, the ADEA aims to uphold the rights of older workers and ensure they are evaluated based on their skills and experience rather than age-related stereotypes.

This focus on employees aged 40 and over is critical in promoting a more inclusive work environment, combating ageism, and encouraging employers to recognize the value that experienced workers can bring to their organizations. Therefore, the correct choice emphasizes the specific group that the ADEA seeks to protect, highlighting the act's relevance to discussions about workforce diversity and fair employment practices.